Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death. Many of the deaths are caused by narrowing or blockage of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Cholesterol plays a decisive role in this disease and this is largely preventable.
Atherosclerosis is a process without pain or other symptoms in which fatty deposits containing cholesterol on artery walls. These clusters occur in the manner of bumps called atherosclerotic plaques. As a board, the internal caliber of the artery narrows and blood flow decreases.
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy substance and is similar to the fat (lipids). Often referring to it is considered a poison, without taking into account that it is essential to live. Cholesterol is essential for cell membranes of the body, the insulation of the nerves and the production of certain hormones. In addition, the liver uses to produce of bile juices that aid in digestion of food.
The confusion surrounding the cholesterol is due in part to the way some people use the term. It is common that the word cholesterol is used generically to include cholesterol intake and circulating in the blood. Ø
Cholesterol Diet: The food that exists in the form of lipids. Is present only in animal products such as meat and dairy products. Ø
blood cholesterol: There is a different way, as a natural component of blood lipids.
blood cholesterol from the liver and the foods we eat. The liver synthesizes nearly 80% of blood cholesterol, while 20% comes from the diet. The amount of fat, particularly saturated fats and cholesterol we eat influences the levels of cholesterol in the blood.
blood cholesterol: the good, the bad and the ugly.
To carry cholesterol in the blood, the body covered with a special type of proteins, called apoproteins. Once coated, is formed packages called lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins carry cholesterol and triglycerides (another type of lipid) in the blood. Some lipoproteins are called low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high in cholesterol, while others, called high density lipoprotein (HDL), consisting mainly of protein. Some people call it "bad" cholesterol to LDL and "good cholesterol to HDL. Below is the reason.
Cholesterol serves as a building material in cells throughout the body. LDL particles that carry cholesterol, bind to receptors on cell surfaces and then get into the cells. If there
excessive LDL particles in the blood if the liver cells are not normally these particles or very few LDL receptors in the liver, excess cholesterol deposits in artery walls.
It is at this point that high-density lipoprotein or HDL is its role as "good." In fact, bind to cholesterol deposited on artery walls and transports it to the liver for disposal. The situation may be difficult if they continue up too much LDL cholesterol particles in the walls of the arteries. In these, there are plaques and artery begins to narrow, a process called atherosclerosis. Therefore, higher HDL values \u200b\u200bare good. Help protect against atherosclerosis.
Blood tests: What do these numbers mean?
This table should be used as a general guide. The importance of each figure varies to some extent in men and women and in accordance with the state of health of each individual. For example, if you already have heart disease should perhaps even to decrease the LDL cholesterol values \u200b\u200bto 100. Your doctor can clarify the specific risk to which it is exposed.
LDL is not measured directly but calculated from other figures. If you know the total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) and HDL, can be calculated using the following equation: LDL = TC
- (HDL + TG / 5).
Reduced levels of cholesterol.
Diet and exercise are the first lines of defense against high cholesterol. Lower cholesterol and saturated fats in the diet reduces blood levels. Some people do not respond in this way requires diet and medication administration. To reduce cholesterol in the diet is suggested:
or decrease body weight by reducing calories and increasing exercise. Must confine all fat to no more than 30% of total daily calories.
Ø Reduce saturated fats. No more than one third of the fat consumed should be saturated. It should read labels carefully. Ø
reduce cholesterol in the diet. Your daily limit for dietary cholesterol is 300 milligrams. Avoid dairy products made from whole milk and cream or viscera like liver and tongue. Choose lean cuts of red meat. Reduce intake of red meat. Limit intake of egg yolks to 3 or 4 per week.
Ø Eat more grain products, fruits and vegetables. Ø
Select a cookbook that includes vegetarian dishes.
If, despite these changes take the form of life still remains elevated total cholesterol, particularly LDL value, your doctor may recommend medicine. It is usual that the value of LDL cholesterol is the deciding factor. In the absence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, LDL above 190 generally require the administration of medications. When two or more risk factors, the LDL level in excess of 460 may require the use of drugs. In case of heart disease, the doctor may use a drug when LDL value is greater than 130.
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