IN SEARCH OF THE AMERICAN DREAM
Karina Moreno Rojas
Currently there are 12 million Mexican immigrants in the United States, of which 43 percent have immigration papers, in search of a better way of life, the great American dream and decent work opportunities and better pay, according to recent data from the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI).
This is caused by multiple factors, but among the most important is the lack of jobs in the country and is, as stated INEGI, the national average unemployment hit 3.61 percent of the Economically Active Population (PEA) for April This year, hit much emphasis on women, who have an unemployment rate of 19 percent more than men.
We are facing a real national problem because, as quoted in his note Antonio Zúñiga "Unemployment grew in April: 3.61% PEA" in La Jornada 21 May this year, 23 of every 100 households in Mexico are held by women, and unfortunately, "the unemployment rate among women rose from 3.99 percent in April last year to 4.14 in the same month in 2008, while that of men decreased from 3.35 to 3.28 percent over the same period. "
addition to this, the Center for Private Sector Economic Studies (CEESP) clearly described the lag in job creation and said it will not be able to accommodate 1.1 million people each year are integrated into the labor market. The note
"Backwardness evident in job creation: CEESP" dated March 31, 2008 in La Jornada , states that companies have serious trouble staying afloat because non-wage costs, also called deductions or contributions as required by law, are little more than 50 percent. As a result, these companies seek to decrease costs by hiring temporary this is insufficient, prevailing at the informal work and the migration of Mexicans.
"Mexico is a young country where everyday 3 000 youth entering the labor market. Most surprisingly, in recent years because of the 90 thousand jobs created less than a day, so that two of every three applicants were left with the desire or amounted to informal work, Armando Bartra raises in his article " The rights of migrants and the right not to migrate. "
He added that as stated in the International Labor Organization "growing unemployment is the greatest human drama of the planet, and depression of the start of the century lost their jobs some 24 million people. But this is nothing: in the next decade the market will add 500 million new job seekers, mainly in the peripheral countries-while, while we go, will create 100 million jobs. "
Although the Mexican government, as well as American, put on a silver platter to foreign capital, cheap labor, lax environmental and labor laws, deregulation, fiscal and public safety facilities is not enough to create more and better jobs. Without more, these countries become true citizens suppliers exported in large quantities every year, to wait calmly remittances that are sent and which largely maintain the Latin American economies.
*** Who is a migrant? ***
is curious that the verb to migrate is not regarded as such, but its meanings to emigrate and immigrate. "Migrante is the present participle of the verb to migrate. And as such, provides the very act of migrating, the present action and rough, moving from one territory to another, "says Matteo Dean in his article" Being a migrant " ( La Jornada, April 1 2008). For its part, Elaine Levine in the book Migration and Latinos in the United States says which is "the movement from one place to another in search of better living conditions, is an activity that has made the human [...] since its inception."
Both definitions are not much different from one another. However, being an immigrant represents much more than a short definition. For one thing covering the recognition of a human being who is moved, by necessity, from one territory to another, carrying its nationality, place of origin, but difficult to maintain after a reasonable time, as it adopted ways of being and thinking , ways of relating and visions. Dean Matteo
recognized as central feature of immigrant rebellion to mention that they are beings on the run, fleeing various problems and break rules to get where they want, "[...] the rebellion finds its reason in the will, express or less of the migrant to disobey the rules, many do not written, condemning it to life that is leaving, is that a life of poverty and lack of opportunity, or a life at war, or condemned to the monotony of a society without whys and perspectives. But at the same time, leaving a kind of surrender is facing a reality against which failed. "
argues further that even if you do not think those are migrants who leave their home only temporarily to make money or those others who leave never to return and settle, they do not meet the definition of migration, understood as active in constant motion, which migrates never leaves the place of origin even in thoughts, nor feel part of the new site. Also, always returns to the starting point to visit either physically or through consuming information regarding the place of the departed.
*** A Common Good: ***
remittances
Remittances product of labor of Mexican migrants in the United States, covering a total of 24 billion dollars annually, which represents the second payment Currency after oil and tourism before (Cano Arturo, "Towards a geography of another Mexico" in La Jornada).
These remittances are an expense to those who rule and greatly diminished its value to enter our country. Send money to the families they cost about 20 or 30 percent of dollar value of the command, all depends on how abusive it is the shipping company and exchange of cash.
But in a country where since 2001 more than ever closed a large number of maquiladoras and 300 thousand jobs were lost due to U.S. recession and cheaper labor in Central America and China, and where were created annually (at least before 2000) 400 thousand jobs and entered the labor market 1 million 100 thousand young people ... in a country, the hope of development and progress are nil, therefore, migration is of paramount importance for the livelihoods of thousands of families.
Given the impotence of 300 000 young people every day seeking employment and where only one of every three applicants get it, it is not surprising that about 500 thousand children try to cross into the USA daily. Each
Mexicans leave the country next command, if at all possible, a reasonable amount of money for the family that he was on the side of pozole and Garnacha. According to figures from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in 2002 remittances amounted to 9 000 300 million dollars.
is, as stated in the text Bartra published by La Jornada in 2003, "three times the value of agricultural exports, 50 percent more than it brings tourism and almost as much as oil or entering foreign direct investment. "
He added: "Of the 23 billion dollars, according to the IDB, are Latin America and the Caribbean in remittances to Mexico will account for about 40 percent, far away is Brazil with 2 000 600 million and the Salvador with a thousand 972 million. " Similarly, stresses the need for remittances by the Mexican population depending directly one million 300 thousand families, nearly 7 million people, or what is, seven per cent of the country's inhabitants, therefore, half a million total households are dependent on remittance income.
Because of this, one gets the idea that remittances are sufficient justification to continue raising Mexicans who arrived in middle age and ability to work, go to another country to offer his strength and knowledge. Because, in the words of Bartra, "well used, they say, remittances could generate development removal in the regions, reducing the urgency pilgrim people. "
But how much the statements is true? Not much really, to understand what is stated in "The rights of migrants and the right not to migrate." Although boosted shipments programs to use in investments with the greatest impact, such as three by one and my community in the state of Guanajuato during the Fox administration, the truth is that only channel collective remittances, which is part of the money, Most goes to the family subsistence.
Because that is, remittances represent a real economic gain national long-term guarantee family existence, asset growth and a significant improvement in the quality of individual lives, not by major sectors.
As mentioned by the author (Bartra) "Mexico-United States, the world's busiest border, allow the large influx of remittances to the country for considerable periods of time but defining. That is, the money sent by the villagers is not always or in the same way.
During the first months or even years, received the highest percentage of revenue, but as time passed, it diminishes or stagnates in the same amount as always when the migrant actually could send more. By then the plans have changed. And not think of a temporary stay to raise money and return to the homeland, are dreaming of the American dream, she imagines a life of luxury and perfection, looking for ways to stay on the site and get legal papers and the public to have the same rights all.
"The money remittance flow is unsustainable in its current volumes, and can not sustain the economy, neither the local nor the regional or national. In addition, remittances are not net income, then, in return for entering, leaving the country trained adult workers and labor, in which Mexican society invested, so that shipments can be viewed as the replacement of this spending " says Bartra in the text.
And later explained why. Although economic theory for any entry is a utility because the migrants are surplus and well what they offer, in a more rational and logical real relocates the migrant as a human being and citizen, which was the result of expenditure by government, they will never be paid while working for another country.
As more profit of the bars and star of our eagle devouring a snake. The U.S. government benefits from cheap labor, which does not suggest more spending compared to the economic aspects that are reserved for taxes and pensions, and has had the benefit intimidation and low wages for immigrant status.
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